沾益区创建国家森林城市的思路与举措

分析沾益区在创建国家森林城市工作过程中的思路与举措,认为动员全民参与是“创森”工作的坚强后盾;确保工作经费,多方筹措资金是“创森”工作的动力来源;突出建设重点,完成创建指标实现是“创森”工作的最终目的;抓好森林资源保护,巩固工作成效是“创森”工作的安全保障;建好档案台账,完善痕迹管理使“创森”工作有据可查。     

玉米自交系耐荫性鉴定与评价

以41个玉米自交系为材料,采用大田试验方法,在植株形态建成期设置15%遮荫和不遮荫两种处理方式,研究不同处理下玉米自交系植株形态、物质生产、产量等11个指标以及各指标耐荫系数的变化,并对自交系的耐荫性进行评价。结果表明,遮荫不仅会增加玉米自交系的株高和穗位高,延缓生育进程,而且会降低植株叶面积指数及叶绿素含量,最终影响玉米物质积累及产量的提升。进一步对各指标的耐荫性进行数学统计分析,表明茎干物质、叶面积指数和产量的耐荫系数可作为评价玉米自交系耐荫性指标。筛选出M173、豫82、DH382、618B、P6874、昌7-2、8612A、M753、ZY608、豫1122、PH6WC和M109高度耐荫型玉米自交系;ZY602、ZY606、658、HT60、ZY601、C70、外引-2、四-144、KW7M14、NS501和PH4CV是弱光敏感型玉米自交系。     

玉米穗轴对穗腐病抗性鉴定体系与优异抗源的研究

穗轴作为拟轮枝镰孢菌侵染果穗引发玉米穗腐病的重要途径之一，能够影响病原菌的侵染和扩散。为了深入开展玉米穗轴对拟轮枝镰孢菌抗性的研究以及了解玉米穗腐病子粒与穗轴抗性的差异，进行抗性鉴定体系的优化，利用164份国内外玉米骨干自交系进行两年两点的接种鉴定筛选优异抗源，对发病边长、发病芯长、发病面积、发病相对面积等4个抗性指标进行研究。结果表明，发病边长能较大程度地区分不同自交系间的抗感差异且又在材料内具有较好的重演性。把发病边长确定为玉米穗腐病穗轴抗性鉴定指标，对参试自交系进行抗性评价，鉴定出CML27、BT-1、CML274等58份穗轴高抗自交系，筛选出BT-1、CML173、CML193等8份子粒与穗轴均抗穗腐病的优异抗源。     

接骨木无性系苗期对干旱胁迫响应及抗旱性综合评价

为揭示不同种接骨木无性系的抗旱性，探讨其对干旱环境的适应能力，为干旱瘠薄山地造林提供材料。采用盆栽法进行自然干旱胁迫试验，运用主成分分析对不同处理下各无性系生理指标进行综合评价。结果表明：干旱胁迫下，无性系PT-1的生物量增量最大，PT-2的根冠比最大。在干旱胁迫逐增情况下，细胞膜透性逐增，当干旱达到中、重度时，无性系PT-1和PT-2的细胞膜透性最小。叶绿素含量及超氧化物岐化酶活性均随干旱程度增加呈先增后降趋势。随干旱胁迫增加可溶性糖和脯氨酸均随之增大。在重度干旱胁迫下，无性系PT-1的可溶性糖含量最大。主成分分析得出，各无性系抗旱能力由强到弱为：XY-2、JY-1、XY-1、XY-3、PT-1、PT-3、PT-2。其中，XY-2、JY-1具有较强抗旱性，可初步作为抗旱材料进行后续研究。     

高温干旱复合胁迫对花生幼苗生理指标的影响

为探讨高温和干旱复合胁迫下的花生幼苗对逆境的响应机制，以抗逆性存在差异的花生品种豫花9719和豫花9326为试验材料，对其幼苗进行昼夜温度为45℃/25℃、土壤含水量为35%~40%左右的高温和干旱复合胁迫处理，研究复合胁迫对花生幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明：胁迫条件下，豫花9719的株高和干重分别比对照组低44.3%和30.2%，差异达极显著水平；含水量、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素、花青素的含量均低于对照，其中叶绿素a的含量低4.88%，差异达显著水平，花青素含量低18.14%，差异达极显著水平；PRI、PI、Gs、Pn值分别比其对照组低12%、50.31%、75.2%、72.3%，差异均达极显著水平；MDA含量和相对电导率分别比对照组高93.1%和29.93%，差异均达显著水平；可溶性蛋白和类黄酮含量分别比对照组高104.5%和41.00%，差异均达显著水平；SOD和CAT活性分别比对照组低0.91%和3.29%，差异不显著。豫花9326的株高比其对照组低33.6%，差异达极显著水平，干重降幅不显著；含水量、类胡萝卜素、花青素的含量均比对照组低，但差异均不显著；叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量分别比对照组高19.44%和3.39%，其中叶绿素a差异达极显著水平； PRI、PI、Gs、Pn值均比对照低，差异均不显著；MDA含量和相对电导率均比对照组高，但差异均不显著；可溶性蛋白和类黄酮含量分别比对照组高271.33%和48.96%，差异均达极显著水平；SOD和CAT活性分别比对照组高70.11%和68.8%，增幅均达显著水平。推测豫花9326对高温和干旱复合胁迫的抗性较高，主要与其较为强大的抗氧化防御系统及光合系统有关。     

复方中草药添加剂对稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭生理效应的影响研究

为研究复方中草药添加剂对稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标的影响,试验选取体重相近、体况健康的15日龄成都麻鸭240只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只。4组为对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验1、2、3组在基础饲粮中按照质量比分别添加0.5%(低剂量组)、1%(中剂量组)、2%(高剂量组)的复方中草药,试验期90 d。结果显示:(1)试验1、2、3组的平均日增重分别较对照组提高2.19%、4.34%、4.98%(P<0.05);试验2、3组的料重比分别较对照组降低3.37%、3.63%(P<0.05);(2)试验2组和3组的总蛋白(TP)分别较对照组提高4.20%、6.08%(P<0.05);试验2组和3组的尿素氮(BUN)分别较对照组降低12.72%、16.36%(P<0.05);试验2组和3组的谷草转氨酶(ALT)分别较对照组降低15.84%、19.22%(P<0.05);试验3组的谷丙转氨酶(AST)较对照组降低19.34%(P<0.05);(3)试验2组和3组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)分别较对照组提高15.80%、20.00%(P<0.05);试验3组的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)较对照组提高22.37%(P<0.05);(4)三个试验组的IgA、IgM、IgG、IFN-γ、IL-2显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验2组的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)较对照组提高10.06%(P<0.05),试验2组和3的组溶菌酶(LZM)分别较对照组提高6.79%、5.66%(P<0.05)。综上,中草药添加剂能有效提高稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭的生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标,本试验条件下,最佳饲喂剂量为1%。     

北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚测度实证研究

以北京蔬菜专业村为研究对象,选取2012—2018年北京蔬菜专业村及蔬菜产业相关数据,运用区位商指数测算方法,从时间和空间两个层面对北京市蔬菜专业村产业集聚度进行测算;运用集中度指数测算方法,从专业村主导产业总产值和从业农户数两方面对集聚度进行测算。结果显示,北京市蔬菜专业村出现了集聚现象,但存在不稳定上下波动的问题,顺义区、通州区和平谷区总体集聚程度较高,并保持稳定集聚状态,集聚区域主要集中在顺义区和房山区。研究建议完善蔬菜专业村基础设施建设,打造蔬菜专业村区域品牌效应,发挥蔬菜示范村辐射带动作用,推进专业镇、基地及园区建设。     

神马切花菊催花液的保鲜生理研究

以切花菊品种"神马"为试材,利用优选催花液A与传统瓶插保鲜液B对催开花材a与自然开花材b进行瓶插保鲜处理,测定保鲜期间处理材料的水分平衡值、总黄酮含量等生理指标,利用模糊数量法对每个处理外观形态指标进行评价,结果表明:优选催花液A的平均综合评分比传统瓶插保鲜液B高0.28分,比CK高0.88分,Ab处理比Ba处理瓶插寿命延长2 d,综合评分高低的顺序为:Ab>Aa>Ba>Bb>CK a>CK b;Ab处理水分平衡值总体均高于其他处理,且鲜重变化率最高,为75.551%,Ab处理的蛋白质峰值出现最晚(第20天);叶绿素含量第14天达到最大值,达0.0716 mg/g,优选催花液A可以更好地提高花瓣中总黄酮的含量。由此表明,优选催花液A的瓶插保鲜效果优于传统瓶插保鲜液B,优选催花液也可作为瓶插保鲜液使用。     

The positive relationship between soil quality and crop production: A case study on the effect of farm compost application

In order to ensure sustainable agriculture, and for evaluating the effects of management practices on soil processes, tools for assessing soil quality are required. The development and use of a multiparameter index, which includes a wide range of soil properties, have been tested and found useful by several studies. However, soil quality measurements are ‘stand-alone’ tools unless they are either linked to important soil functions, used to characterize (agro)ecosystems or used to predict sustainability or productivity. In our study, the relationship between crop production and soil quality was assessed in a six year old field experiment studying the effect of farm compost (FC) amendment in a crop rotation of potato, fodder beet, forage maize and Brussels sprouts. To justify the hypothesis that repeated FC amendment results in both improved soil quality and consequently higher crop yields, a wide range of chemical, biological and physical soil properties were measured and integrated into a soil quality index (SQI). Next, crop yields were used as a functional goal to verify the causal relationship between SQI and crop production. Our results showed that there were significant changes in chemical, physical and biological soil quality as a result of repeated FC amendment. This was evidenced for example by a remarkable increase in both soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N content. Microbial biomass, the relative amount of bacterivorous nematodes and earthworm number were significantly increased as well and, together with SOC and total N, indicated as the dominant factors in assessing soil quality. The integration of these key indicators into the SQI revealed higher SQI values when FC was applied. In addition, crop yields were increased in all FC treated plots by which SOC was pointed out as the most important indicator influencing crop production. Finally, a causal relationship was observed between soil quality and the yield of potato and fodder beet. We conclude that our SQI may be a promising and useful tool to compare different (soil) management practices in relation to a strategic, regional goal, e.g., sustainable high yields. Before generalizing, we recommend a thorough validation of our SQI in other long-term field experiments.     

Energy Productivity Potential Assessment of Saccharum spontaneum L.Germplasm Resources

[Objective]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources as energy plants was discussed in this paper.[Method]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources collected from the wild was assessed from the aspects of cellulose,semicellulose,lignin and crude ash contents and caloric value.[Result]The total content of cellulose and semicellulose ranged from 41.75%to 69.13%,the lignin content ranged from 2.16%to 11.75%,the crude ash content ranged from 4.79%to 9.34%and the caloric value ranged from 16.00 to 17.69 MJ/kg among the 30 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms.Compared to other plants,Saccharum spontaneum L.had higher contents of cellulose and semicellulose,a higher caloric value but lower contents of lignin and crude ash.[Conclusion]From the perspective of producing fuel ethanol with lignocellulose,Saccharum spontaneum L.has a great potential for development as an energy plant.